GENE/CELL objectives

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•  The genetic material of chromatin is DNA
•  Hereditary material is DNA
•  Gender of a person is determined by 23rd chromosome
•  Autosome are sex chromosome = 23
•  Nucleus of human body cell contains about 20,000 genes, half of which being contributed by each parent
•  Term gene was coined by Johannsen in 1909
•  DNA = Deoxy ribose nucleic acid
•  RNA = Ribose nucleic acid
•  Histones are on chromosomes
•  Chromosomes word was coined by Waldeyer in 1888
•  Number of chromosomes in human being is 46
•  Chromosomes in spermatozoa are 23


•  Smallest part of a gene is Mutton
•  Mitochondria are power house of cells
•  Golgi bodies are involved in cell secretions
•  Ribosome are rich in DNA and prepare protein
•  Plastids are found in Plant cells only and contain chlorophyll
•  Centrosomes help in cell division
•  Proteins are synthesized by Golgi bodies.
•  Cellulose respiration is done by Mitochondrion
•  Light energy is stored in the form of chemical energy due to the activity of Chloroplast.
•  Protoplasm is a colloidal solution.
•  Most cells are microscopic but the egg cell of an ostrich is 15-20 cm long and some giraffe nerve cells reach more then 4 m long
•  Mitochondria do work of cell respiration.
•  The nucleus, mitocondria and chloroplast have double membranes
•  Bacteria have no nucleus and no mitochondria they have just a single loop of DNA cell nucleoid as well as food granules and ribosome which produce proteins
•  Each cell has the same set of about 30,000 genes.
•  Genes are arranged along a long and thin thread-like structure called chromosomes.
•  Snakes have 36 chromosomes, horse has 63 while some ferns have 500 or more
•  Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes- 23 pairs in every cell. The only exception are sperm and egg cells which have 23 unpaired chromosomes.
•  Genes are made of a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA
•  DNA tells a cell how to make the proteins
•  Every cell in a body contains at least 10,000 different kinds of proteins.
•  The machinery for making these proteins is on structures called ribosome which are outside the nucleus.
•  RNA carries the instructions for making a particular protein to the ribosome.
•  A permanent change to a piece of DNA is called a mutation.
•  Nearly a third of a human being’s genes are the same as the genes of a lettuce.
•  DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder called double helix. The rungs of the ladder are made up of four chemical building blocks Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine
•  Amoeba is a unicellular organism
•  A structure present in all cells is called cell membrane
•  The normal temperature of human body on the Kelvin scale is 310.
•  ELISA is Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay- for HIV/AIDS.
•  Rh- blood is very rare compared to Rh+.
•  The pancreatic duct releases its contents into duodenum.
•  Right hepatic artery supplies nutrient rich blood from stomach and small intestine to the liver.
•  Human cranium contains 6 bones.
•  In the human body, spleen stores extra blood for release when shortage occurs.
•  Mitochondria contain enzymes for cellular respirations.
•  In the human body, rotator cuff muscle is to be found in the shoulder.
•  Reproductive cells in normal human beings are produced in greater numbers for a longer period of time in the male
•  Which vessels bring blood back to heart? Inferior venacava and Superior venacava bring blood back to heart from lower parts and upper parts of body respectively.
•  Where in your body is your patella: Knee ( it’s the kneecap
•  80% of household dust is actually what material-Dead skin
•  Babies are born without what-Knee Caps – form at 2-6 years
•  In Nuclear DNA is concentrated in chromatin.
•  Proteins are synthesized by golgi bodies.


•  Cellulose respiration is done by Mitochondrion.
•  Protoplasm is a colloidal solution.
•  Man is Homoeothermic.
•  Hydrosis is the medical term for what -Sweating
•  An IVP is used to detect what medical condition- Kidney Stones- Intravenuspylorigram
•  What part of the body ages the fastest-The Hands
•  In medicine what is nicknamed a blue pipe-A Vein
•  What is the name of the cranial bone just above your ear Temporal
•  What is the name of the scale measuring depth of coma (GCS)- Glasgow Coma Scale

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